[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/jaderna-energie\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/jaderna-energie\/","headline":"Jadern\u00e1 energie","name":"Jadern\u00e1 energie","description":"Jadern\u00e1 energie je obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, kter\u00e1 udr\u017euje pohromad\u011b j\u00e1dra atom\u016f, co\u017e jsou nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hmoty. Uvol\u0148uje se stejn\u011b ve hv\u011bzd\u00e1ch, jako v\u00a0jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, atomov\u00fdch bomb\u00e1ch \u010di atomov\u00fdch reaktorech ponorek. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvoln\u011bna slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010di rozpadem. Slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di jinak \u0159e\u010deno \u201ef\u00faze\u201c, znamen\u00e1 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie p\u0159i spojov\u00e1n\u00ed jader. Tento princip funguje ve vod\u00edkov\u00fdch […]","datePublished":"2019-11-17","dateModified":"2019-11-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"idzka.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361017_w3414_t1574522670.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361017_w3414_t1574522670.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/jaderna-energie\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":408,"articleBody":"Jadern\u00e1 energie je obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, kter\u00e1 udr\u017euje pohromad\u011b j\u00e1dra atom\u016f, co\u017e jsou nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hmoty. Uvol\u0148uje se stejn\u011b ve hv\u011bzd\u00e1ch, jako v\u00a0jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, atomov\u00fdch bomb\u00e1ch \u010di atomov\u00fdch reaktorech ponorek. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvoln\u011bna slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010di rozpadem.\tSlu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed\tSlu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di jinak \u0159e\u010deno \u201ef\u00faze\u201c, znamen\u00e1 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie p\u0159i spojov\u00e1n\u00ed jader. Tento princip funguje ve vod\u00edkov\u00fdch pum\u00e1ch \u010di b\u011b\u017en\u011b ve vesm\u00edru u hv\u011bzd stla\u010dovan\u00fdch gravitac\u00ed. F\u00fazuj\u00ed obvykle pouze jen men\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1dra. P\u0159\u00edkladem je slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vod\u00edku a h\u00e9lia. Ke vzniku t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f je pot\u0159eba obrovsk\u00e9ho tlaku hrout\u00edc\u00edch se hv\u011bzd.\tJadern\u00fd rozpad\tRozpad znamen\u00e1 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 energie p\u0159i d\u011blen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra na jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Na tomto principu funguj\u00ed atomov\u00e9 bomby \u010di jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. Aby mohlo doj\u00edt k\u00a0rozpadu, jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed velk\u00e1 j\u00e1dra, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad uran 235 \u010di plutonium. Pokud dojde k\u00a0rozpadu, vznikne gamma z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, neutrony a teplo. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tato f\u00e1ze je velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e1 p\u0159i u\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely \u010di pro m\u00edrov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Smyslem atomov\u00e9 bomby je zab\u00edjet a ni\u010dit, proto se zde v\u0161echna energie jadern\u00e9ho rozpadu uvoln\u00ed nar\u00e1z.\t\tAtomov\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna\tU atomov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rozpadu jader a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho tepla k\u00a0oh\u0159evu vody, kter\u00e1 se zm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0p\u00e1ru. Ta n\u00e1sledn\u011b rozto\u010d\u00ed parn\u00ed turb\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed elektrickou energii. Proto je jadern\u00e1 reakce v\u00a0reaktorech zpomalena a energie se uvol\u0148uje postupn\u011b.\tAtomov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny od sv\u00e9ho vzniku rozd\u011bluj\u00ed spole\u010dnost. Zat\u00edmco \u010d\u00e1st m\u00e1 panickou hr\u016fzu z\u00a0jadern\u00e9 katastrofy, druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st si velmi dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuje efektivitu elektr\u00e1ren a pozitivn\u00ed dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nutno dodat, \u017ee k\u00a0jadern\u00fdm katastrof\u00e1m u t\u011bchto elektr\u00e1ren do\u0161lo n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. A to jak v\u00a0Rusku, tak ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch \u010di Japonsku. V\u017edy \u0161lo ov\u0161em o chybu lidsk\u00e9ho faktoru \u010di v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b japonsk\u00e9 Fuku\u0161imy o nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofu. Tehdy vlny tsunami vznikl\u00e9 po obrovsk\u00e9m zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, zaplavily pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed elektr\u00e1rnu.\t\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jadern\u00e1 energie","item":"https:\/\/www.idzka.cz\/jaderna-energie\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]